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Stanisław Wiórek ''or alternatively'' Stanisław Wiorek (born 12 December 1912 in Bottrop (Westphalia); d. 9 September 1939 in Bydgoszcz) was a Polish theologian and Catholic clergyman, member of the Congregation of the Mission, publicly murdered by the Nazis on the ninth day of the Second World War. He has in recent years been accorded the title of Servant of God and is in the process of being beatified by the Catholic Church. ==Life and death== Wiórek was born at Bottrop in the extreme south-west corner of the then Province of Westphalia on 12 December 1912, and joined the Lazarists at Cracow in Poland in 1930. He studied theology at Cracow and subsequently at the Angelicum in Rome, where he took holy orders in 1938, the year before his death. According to some sources, he was ordained at Cracow in 1938, during the period of his studies in Italy, which were briefly interrupted for the purpose.〔Biography of the Servants of God on the ''Biuletyn Męczennicy'' ("Martyrs' Bulletin") website of Pelplin, Poland ((see online). )〕 He returned from Rome to Poland in 1939, going directly to Bydgoszcz where he was supposed to take up ministry in the local church, in the Bielawki area of the city (see Bielawy).〔''Z okupacyjnych dziejów Bydgoszczy'', Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1977, p. 64.〕 As after the Nazi invasion of Poland the Germans issued an ordinance requiring the registration of the population, Wiórek left the premises of his religious institute on Saturday, 9 September 1939, in company with another priest, Piotr Szarek (19081939), in order to complete the required formalities.〔Kazimierz Borucki, ''Tablice pamiątkowe Bydgoszczy'', Bydgoszcz, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe), 1963, p. 45.〕 While in a street outside, he was caught in a ''łapanka'', a random rounding-up of Polish hostages in reprisal for what the Nazi propaganda portrayed as anti-German events of the so-called Bloody Sunday of 3 September 1939, six days earlier.〔Włodzimierz Jastrzębski, ''Dywersja czy masakra? : cywilna obrona Bydgoszczy we wrześniu 1939 r.'', Gdańsk, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1988, p. 132. ISBN 8303021931.〕 The randomly detained passers-by were brought to Bydgoszcz's historic Old Market Square (the ''Stary Rynek''), a prominent central place where they were displayed and harassed before twenty-five of them were summarily executed in public by a firing squad at about 12 noon.〔''Prace Komisji Historii Seria C'', ed. Z. Grot, Poznań, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1969, p. 148.〕〔Janusz Gumkowski & Rajmund Kuczma, ''Zbrodnie hitlerowskie: Bydgoszcz 1939'', Warsaw, Polonia, 1967, p. 18.〕 Wiórek was killed together with his companion, Piotr Szarek who, having shown signs of life after the salvo of shots rang out, was dealt an individual ''coup de grâce''.〔Jerzy Ślaski, ''Polska walcząca'', vol. 2, 3rd ed., augm., Warsaw, Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm, 1999, p. 554. ISBN 8387893315.〕〔Janusz Kutta, "Rola Kościoła katolickiego w dziejach Bydgoszczy" (The Role of the Catholic Church in the History of Bydgoszcz), ''Kronika Bydgoska'', vol. 19, ed. W. Jastrzębski, ''et al.'', Bydgoszcz, Towarzystwo Miłośników miasta Bydgoszczy, 1998, p. 14. ISSN 0454-5451.〕 Their bodies were displayed in the Old Market Square for six hours, from about 12 noon to 6 p.m.〔Ryszard Wojan, ''Bydgoszcz: niedziela 3 września 1939 r.'', Poznań, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie (Towarzystwo Rozwoju Ziem Zachodnich. Rada Okręgu Bydgoskiego w Toruniu), 1959, p. 68.〕 Stanisław Wiórek was twenty six years' old. There is an eyewitness account of Wiórek's martyrdom given by Helena Kozłowska, a pharmacist who was working at the time in the Stary Rynek (Old Market Square).〔"Symbol przetrwania: legenda krwawej ręki" (A Symbol of Endurance: The Legend of a Bloody Handprint); in: Rajmund Kuczma & Jerzy Derenda, ''Legendy i przypowieści'' (''Biblioteka Bydgoska'' series), Bydgoszcz, Towarzystwo Miłośników miasta Bydgoszczy, 1992, pp. 6768.〕 Wiórek's body, together with that of Szarek, is buried in the Cemetery of the Heroes of Bydgoszcz (''Cmentarz Bohaterów Bydgoszczy'') in Bydgoszcz. Stanisław Wiórek is currently one of the 122 Polish martyrs of the Second World War who are included in the beatification process initiated in 1994, whose first beatification session was held in Warsaw in 2003 (see ''Słudzy Boży''). A person nominated for beatification receives within the Roman Catholic Church the title of "Servant of God"; once he is actually beatified he is accorded the title of "Venerable" and "Blessed", which are a prerequisite for sainthood conferred in a process known as canonization. Wiórek's likeness is depicted pictorially in the stained-glass windows of the Church of Our Lady Revealing the Miraculous Medal located in the Olcza district of the city of Zakopane (the ''Parafia Najświętszej Maryi Panny Niepokalanej Objawiającej Cudowny Medalik'').〔Sanktuarium MB Objawiającej Cudowny Medalik, os. Piszczory 13, 34-502 Zakopane-Olcza ((see online). )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stanisław Wiórek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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